transfer RNA

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Thân thiện
Definition
  1. Noun:
    • A type of RNA molecule: A small RNA molecule found in cells. Its primary function is to carry a specific amino acid to the site of protein synthesis (the ribosome) and ensure it is added correctly to the growing protein chain, as directed by the genetic code in messenger RNA (mRNA).
Usage Examples
  • Noun:
    • During translation, each transfer RNA molecule brings its attached amino acid to the ribosome.
    • The anticodon on the transfer RNA pairs with the complementary codon on the messenger RNA.
    • A cell requires multiple types of transfer RNA to build proteins.
Advanced Usage
  • "tRNA": The standard and most common abbreviation for "transfer RNA".
    • The study focused on the structure of tRNA molecules.
  • "aminoacyl-tRNA": Refers to a transfer RNA molecule that is covalently bound to its specific amino acid, which is its active, carrying state.
    • The enzyme attaches the amino acid to form an aminoacyl-tRNA.
Variants and Related Words
  • tRNA (n): The abbreviated form of transfer RNA.
  • Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (n): The specific enzyme that correctly attaches a particular amino acid to its corresponding tRNA molecule.
  • Anticodon (n): The sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that base-pairs with a complementary codon on an mRNA strand.
Synonyms
  • Soluble RNA (sRNA): An older, less common synonym for transfer RNA.
  • Adapter RNA: A descriptive synonym highlighting tRNA's role in adapting the genetic code into an amino acid sequence.
Related Phrases and Concepts
  • Charged tRNA: Another term for an aminoacyl-tRNA; a tRNA loaded with its amino acid.
    • Only a charged tRNA can participate in the elongation phase of translation.
  • tRNA gene: The DNA sequence that codes for a specific transfer RNA molecule.
Noun
  1. RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)

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